ABSTRACT
Review paper Effects of Application of Sports Management during Pandemic COVID-19to International Top Sports Football Club and Ultimate Fight Championship, based on the latest studies, relates to performance of structure of management of sport organizations during pandemic of COVID-19. Organizing sport competitions, tournaments, matches and trainings at this period of time, was considered as a great challenge, especially for the clubs which compete on international level. Additional challenge for sport organizations was compliance with epidemic measures dictated by WHO (World Health Organization). Focus analysis was related to organizing sport contents and responds to business and sports activities to pandemic of COVID-19 of international top-level sport football clubs, league of "five" and clubs of Ultimate Fight Championship. Analysis included of football clubs: F.C. Barcelona, F.C. Manchester United, AC Milan, F.C. Bayern M..nchen and F.C. Borussia Dortmund in relation to UFC teams: Straight Blast Gym Ireland, American Kick-box Academy (AKA), Xtreme Couture Mixed Martial Arts, American Top Team (ATT) of football and ultimate fight championship, during pandemic. Clubs, selected by method of random subject, based on sport results achieved on national levels of competition and four criteria were used, from domain of review papers, by PRISM methodology 1: all sources of data (magazines, published papers etc) in English;2. Period of organization of sport competitions and football matches during the pandemic of COVID-19;3. Evident differences, which occurred during pandemic COVID-19;4. Published papers are focused on business and organizational form. There is significant difference in obtained financial effects and different innovative solutions, which can be used as new experiences in further studies, were offered.
ABSTRACT
Despite the high number of crises encountered within sport, crisis communication management in sport remains understudied. Operational crisis communication in particular can be considered an uncharted territory, regardless of its potential significant effects on sport organisations' reputation. In this study we explore the themes used in FIFA's communication during the Covid-19 pandemic, to understand how operational organisational crisis communication was managed by football's leading sport organisation in this unprecedented climate. Content analysis is conducted in all FIFA's press releases and Twitter messages related to Covid-19 from March 5th to July 3rd 2020, in order for insights to be offered to the content and meaning of FIFA's operational crisis communication, their attempts to emphasise the organisation's positive traits and actions, and the links built with managing and improving the organisation's reputation. The analysis of the themes used indicates that proactive planning of crisis communication management had been conducted, while lessons from previous handling of crises appear to have been learned. By outlining the crisis communication strategy adopted by FIFA, we offer insights to the unexplored area of operational crisis communication in sports, while presenting a roadmap for operational crisis communication management for other sport organisations and future studies exploring the topic. HIGHLIGHTS The study highlights the main themes used by FIFA, focusing on positive traits of the organisation. FIFA's crisis communication management deviates from pre-prescribed recommendations.A roadmap for operational crisis communication management for sport organisations is offered.
ABSTRACT
The time of pandemic has been a challenging one for most people in sport organizations. These individuals include athletes, coaches, support staff members, and administrators, as well as sport psychology practitioners. A range of human and systemic factors have coalesced to create volatility, ambiguity, and stress for all these stakeholders, affecting how they work, relate to one another, and make decisions. Within this context, this paper centers attention on why and how practitioners of sport psychology in professional sport organizations can manifest leadership by taking actions in support of athletes and coaches, actions that are under practitioner control and influence. The leadership actions considered include promoting an interdisciplinary perspective on providing mental health support to athletes;communicating and collaborating with other professionals;emphasizing acceptance;embracing routines;manifesting humility;and engaging in the process of professional practice. This article concludes with reflections about how these leadership actions can transfer from professional sport organizations to collegiate settings and scholastic school environments.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in 2019, particularly affected the sports sector, with most organised sporting activities and events being postponed or cancelled. When the restrictions came into effect, sports organisations had to make important decisions: to suspend activities, to carry them out while implementing the restrictions, or to find decisions through the application of innovative solutions in the organisations. Innovation is helping the sports industry to stay active and find better solutions to deal with the restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the research - to reveal innovative solutions in sports organisations during COVID-19 pandemic period. The results revealed that all sports organisations applied the concept of working from home and implemented the 'Zoom' platform, focusing more on virtual competitions, remote communication, which raised the qualifications of coaches and focused on supporting the physical activity of athletes.
ABSTRACT
This study focuses on high school athletics. The Japan High School Athletic Federation, which is the central sports organization of the high school athletics competition, and the National High School Athletic Federation, which is the governing body of the high school sports organization, manage the high school athletics category under the umbrella of the National High School Athletic Federation. This paper aimed to analyze the kind of relationship being built with the National Athletics Department, which is responsible for the actual management of the tournament, and to verify whether there is a conflict between the National Athletics Department and the National Athletics Department. Specifically, we analyzed the actual functions of the National High School Championships, the Japan Association of Athletics Federations, and the National High School Championships, and the level of support each organization had at the Inter-High School Championships held during the coronavirus pandemic. Then, based on the articles of incorporation and regulations of each organization, we organized the objectives, business contents, and decision-making of the three organizational operations, and observed conflicts. We found that the National High School Federation and the National High School Federation Land Specialization Department have four local conditions of conflict : "ambiguity of work in charge", "reciprocity of tasks", "common resources", and "mismatch of social evaluation".
ABSTRACT
Quantitative research models were used in the study, which aimed to to assess the phobia related to the coronavirus-19 of basketball coaches working in Turkey Basketball Federation (TBF) and registered to Turkey's Basketball Coaches Association (TUBAD). 21 women, and 216 men, 237 active basketball coaches in total, who are TUBAD members at various levels by the Turkish Leagues, participated to the study. While the personal information form developed by the researchers was used to obtain demographic information in the study. The homogeneity and variances of the data were tested, Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test was applied, and it was determined that the data showed normal distribution. Independent Samples t Test was used in pair matches and One Way Anova test was used in multiple comparisons. Results were evaluated at 95% confidence interval and p <0.05 level. Cronbach's Alpha value for the overall scale was determined as .882. According to the results obtained from the findings of the study, no difference was observed in coranavirus 19 phobia values in terms of gender and coaching levels, while statistically significant differences were found in terms of age variables and the status of basketball trainers to practice a different profession besides coaching (p <0.05). It was observed that the differences were not observed in both variables in Somatic, Social, Economic and General Dimensions, but they differed in psychological dimensions and the differences were in favor of lower age groups depending on the age factor. As a result, coronavirus-19 phobia of basketball coaches serving in the Turkey Basketball Federation (TBF) and registered Basketball coach of Turkey's Basketball Coaches Association (TUBAD) is not related to gender and rank, but young coaches have been determined that most affected group psychologically. Likewise, it was concluded that coaches who did a different profession other than coaching were also adversely affected by the situation and this negative situation might have occurred with the concern of working in multiple groups.
ABSTRACT
The goal of this paper is to provide a review of the transfer of rights to broadcasting sporting events as one source of financing sporting activities and clubs through comparative practice and current legal regulations. Sports and the law are deeply intertwined, primarily due to the fact that sports are exposed to various challenges, ranging from doping, prevention of violence at sports manifestations, all the way to competition regulations, managing sports organizations and business processes. In this paper, we will analyze the positive legal regulations that enable the realization of income based on the right to broadcast. Sources of financing are necessary for the conduct of sporting activities. The most successful clubs generate the biggest part of their revenue through leasing broadcasting rights for sporting events and marketing. Broadcasting sporting events not only enables generation of direct revenue, but also removes the shackles of previously existing spatial barriers and thus contributes to the popularity of sports, athletes and their clubs. Occurrences such as the coronavirus pandemic have led to the organization of sporting events in controlled conditions, without the presence of an audience or with numerous limitations and restrictions. In such situations, numerous institutions have offered interactive forms of communication with the consumers (online museum tours, concerts, etc.), thus not only minimizing losses, but also maintaining contact with the audience. This situation has proven the significance of digital communication with the consumers. Even though the year 2020 went by without the previously planned Olympics and, in most cases, without sports fans in the stands, the sporting industry recorded a jump (from 388.28 billion dollars in 2020 to 440.77 billion of dollars in 2021). The growth in earnings was achieved predominantly due to the increase in media revenues.
ABSTRACT
This study was considered to examine some effects of the pandemic on the aquatics field in terms of sports tourism and recreational activities during the Covid-19 pandemic. In this study, data was collected by creating a semi-structured interview form in a qualitative research model. Content analysis method from qualitative analysis techniques was used to evaluate and analyze the responses of the participants to the interview forms. In the results, they were explained by directly quoting the participants' statements, expressed in the form of themes, categories and codes, and associated and interpreted. Among the individuals working in water sports centers, the ratio of individuals who state that they have suffered or not suffered financial damage is close to each other. In the study, it was found that the majority of participants thought that Covid-19 had a negative impact on tourism in general, but in this process they concentrated on the fact that water sports centers were not negatively affected. As a result of the analysis of the results obtained from the interviews in the study, the codes "customer", "economy", "tourism" and "domestic-foreign," "financial damage", "negative effects", "tourist" and "working difficulties" belonging to these themes were determined in the category "Covid-19 and Water Sports". Based on the findings of the research, as a result, it can be said that the concepts of customer, economy and tourism are concepts directly related to Covid-19 and water sports. The negative impact of tourism during pandemic periods such as Covid-19 is closely related to many areas that can be considered as stakeholders of tourism. It is thought that concrete measures that can be put forward with researches and a healthy interaction will contribute to the recovery of such processes with the least damage, in order for water sports centers to be less affected by adverse conditions such as pandemics.
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This commentary offers a short analysis of the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the relationship between football, and in particular the English Premier League, and the media. The commentary focuses on the symbiotic yet antagonistic relationship between the two over the years, and the potential shift in the power balance that can be expected due to the banning of live audiences from stadia because of COVID-19. As it is discussed, COVID-19 and the banning of matchday audiences could have possibly solidified media's power in football, making it the only means through which live football can reach its fans. This commentary raises attention on the evolvement of the relationship between media and football, while inviting further discussion on what the future holds once fans are allowed back in stadia.
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It is imperative that the English Premier League and the Football League clubs consider disabled supporters when planning for the return of fans in stadiums. While it is understandable that the English football clubs are eager to welcome fans back as soon as possible, I argue this must not be at the expense of disabled supporters. Utilising the theory of ableism, I highlight the inequitable matchday experiences of disabled football fans at the English Premier League and the Football League clubs pre-COVID-19, a situation I argue cannot be exacerbated by neglecting disabled fans as part of the return of fans to stadiums. This commentary emphasises the importance of English football clubs grasping the opportunity to positively change how disabled football fans are treated. The piece concludes by calling for sustained lobbying for inclusion, and the need for future research to focus and explicate the experiences of disabled football fans.
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The current COVID-19 pandemic has already impacted both elite and grassroots sports in a series of ways. Whilst accepting that many answers to emerging and relevant questions cannot be provided at this stage, this commentary discusses some of the organizational prospects of "post-pandemic" sports mega-events by focusing predominantly on the topics of volunteering and security management. Importantly, these are two central facets of mega-event organization that are likely to be impacted by the current crisis in some way as the world of sports aims to resume. By considering a number of emerging questions, this commentary calls for an engagement with some of the individual and social implications related to future mega-event organizations. It sheds light on some of the potential organizational challenges and management issues related to "restarting" sports and provides some directions for future interdisciplinary work.
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Research question: This study looks at stadium attendances in elite-level European football, to suggest how people responded to the initial COVID-19 outbreak. This offers insight into how professional sports will emerge from social lockdowns and competition taking place behind closed doors. Research methods: The analysis focuses on the top leagues of England, Italy, France, Spain and Germany. Using panel data methods and exploiting the variation in day-to-day attendances in these leagues, the impacts on implied spectator demand from the news of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths can be quantified. Results and Findings: In Italy, England and Germany, stadium attendances were negatively affected by the previous day's newly confirmed domestic cases or deaths. In Spain and France, there was no attendance response to the early stages of the domestic outbreaks. Implications: COVID-19 was affecting football match spectator demand before European countries enforced lockdowns and other restrictions to suppress the spread of the disease. This suggests that fans significantly responded to the risk of catching the virus. If this risk remains when stadiums reopen, then sports organisations should expect reduced ticket demand. This suggests that managers should adopt more dynamic and creative pricing strategies, and use their stadiums in more innovative ways, if they are to survive financially in a world where COVID-19 remains a threat to public health.
ABSTRACT
The impact of and response to the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic varied among sports organizations around the world. At the top tier of the American soccer pyramid, Major League Soccer (MLS) played two fixtures before the league office suspended the season and announced an action plan that included teams continuing play later in the year. The National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) delayed the start of its season and later released plans to become the first professional team sports league in the United States to resume play. The pandemic impacted lower-tier soccer leagues and teams differently. Initially, leagues such as the fourth-tier men's United Soccer League Two (USL 2) and the fourth-tier Women's Premier Soccer League (WPSL) publicized plans to delay the start of the 2020 season. However, some teams in these leagues immediately withdrew from competition due to unique structural conditions. This article examines the case of one of these organizations.